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After the Cecils divorced in , Cornelia left the estate never to return, but John Cecil maintained his residence in the Bachelors' Wing until his death in Their eldest son, George Henry Vanderbilt Cecil , occupied rooms in the wing until At that point Biltmore House ceased to be a family residence and was operated as a historic house museum. Their younger son William A.
Cecil, Sr. They worked to create the profitable and self-sustaining enterprise that their grandfather had envisioned. William Cecil inherited the estate upon the death of their mother, Cornelia, in His brother George Cecil inherited the more profitable dairy farm, which was spun off as Biltmore Farms.
In , while celebrating the th anniversary of the estate, William Cecil turned over control of the company to his son, William A. Cecil, Jr. Of the 8, acres that make up Biltmore Estate, [13] only 1. The estate was designated a National Historic Landmark in , [15] and remains a major tourist attraction in western North Carolina, with 1.
Since the death of William A. These estates shared steeply pitched roofs , turrets , and sculptural ornamentation. The facade is asymmetrically balanced with two projecting wings connecting to the entrance tower: an open loggia is to the left side and a windowed arcade to the right, which holds the Winter Garden that was fashionable during the Victorian era. The entrance tower contains a series of windows with decorated jambs that extend from the front door to the most decorated dormer at Biltmore on the fourth floor.
The carved decorations include trefoils , flowing tracery , rosettes, gargoyles , and at prominent lookouts, grotesques. The staircase is one of the more prominent features of the east facade, with its three-story, highly decorated winding balustrade with carved statues of St.
The south facade is the house's smallest and is dominated by three large dormers on the east side and a polygonal turret on the west side. An arbor is attached to the house and is accessed from the library, which is located on the ground floor. On the north end of the house, Hunt placed the attached stables, carriage house and its courtyard to protect the house and gardens from the wind. The 12, sq ft 1, m 2 complex housed Vanderbilt's prized driving horses.
The carriage house opposite the stables stored his 20 carriages in addition to any of his guest's carriages. The rear western elevation is less elaborate than the front facade, with some windows not having any decoration at all.
Two matching polygonal towers in the center are connected to the polygonal south turret by an open loggia that opens the main rooms of the house to the views of the Blue Ridge Mountains in the distance. The loggia is decorated overhead with terracotta tiles set in a herringbone pattern. The self-supporting ceramic tile vault and arch system was used extensively inside and outside of Biltmore, and was patented by Rafael Guastavino , a Spanish architect and engineer who personally supervised the installation.
The limestone columns were carved to reflect the sunlight in aesthetically pleasing and varied ways per Vanderbilt's wish. The rusticated base is a contrast to the smooth limestone used on the remainder of the house. The steeply pitched roof is punctuated by 16 chimneys and covered with slate tiles that were affixed one by one.
Each tile was drilled at the corners and wired onto the attic's steel infrastructure. Copper flashing was installed at the junctions to prevent water from penetrating. The fanciful flashing on the ridge of the roof was embossed with George Vanderbilt's initials and motifs from his family crest, though the original gold leaf no longer survives.
Biltmore House had electricity from the time it was built, though initially with DC, due to Vanderbilt's friendship with Thomas Edison. With electricity less safe and fire more of a danger at the time, the house had six separate sections divided by brick fire walls. Vanderbilt paid little attention to the family business or his own investments. It is believed that the construction and upkeep of Biltmore depleted much of his inheritance. Biltmore has four acres of floor space and rooms in the house, including 35 bedrooms for family and guests, 43 bathrooms, 65 fireplaces, 3 kitchens and 19th-century novelties such as an electric Otis elevator, [20] forced-air heating , centrally controlled clocks, fire alarms, and a call bell system.
To the right of the marbled Entrance Hall, the octagonal sunken Winter Garden is surrounded by stone archways with a ceiling of architecturally sculptured wood and multifaceted glass. The centerpiece is a marble and bronze fountain sculpture titled Boy Stealing Geese , created by Karl Bitter.
On the walls just outside the Winter Garden are copies of the Parthenon frieze. The table could seat 64 guests and is surrounded by rare Flemish tapestries and a triple fireplace that spans one end of the hall. On the opposite end of the hall is an organ gallery that houses a Skinner pipe organ.
Left unfinished with bare brick walls, the Music Room was not completed and opened to the public until The mantel had been stored in the stable for over 80 years. To the left of the entrance hall is the 90 ft-long 27 m Tapestry Gallery, which leads to the Library, featuring three 16th-century tapestries representing The Triumph of Virtue Over Vice. The two-story Library contains over 10, volumes in eight languages, reflecting George Vanderbilt's broad interests in classic literature as well as works on art, history, architecture, and gardening.
The library also houses a concealed passageway that leads to the guest rooms. The second-floor balcony is accessed by an ornate walnut spiral staircase. The Baroque detailing of the room is enhanced by the rich walnut paneling and the ceiling painting, The Chariot of Aurora , brought to Biltmore by Vanderbilt from the Palazzo Pisani Moretta in Venice , Italy. The painting by Giovanni Antonio Pellegrini is the most important work by the artist still in existence.
The second floor is accessed by the cantilevered Grand Staircase of steps spiraling around a four-story, wrought-iron chandelier holding 72 light bulbs.
Several large-scale masterpieces are displayed in the hall, including two John Singer Sargent portraits of Biltmore's architect, Richard Morris Hunt , and landscaper, Frederick Law Olmsted , both commissioned for the home by Vanderbilt. His bedroom connects to his wife's Louis XV-style , oval-shaped bedroom in the north tower through a Jacobean carved oak paneled sitting room with an intricate ceiling.
The third floor has a number of guest rooms with names that describe the furnishing or artist that they were decorated with. The fourth floor has 21 bedrooms that were inhabited by housemaids, laundresses, and other female servants.
Also included on the fourth floor is an Observatory with a circular staircase that leads to a wrought iron balcony with doorways to the rooftop where Vanderbilt could view his estate. Male servants were not housed here, however, but instead resided in rooms above the stable and complex. The Billiard Room is decorated with an ornamental plaster ceiling and rich oak paneling and was equipped with both a custom-made pool table and a carom table table without pockets. The room was mainly frequented by men, but ladies were welcome to enter as well.
Secret door panels on either side of the fireplace led to the private quarters of the Bachelors' Wing where female guests and staff members were not allowed. The wing includes the Smoking Room, which was fashionable for country houses, and the Gun Room, which held mounted trophies and displayed George Vanderbilt's gun collection.
The basement level featured activity rooms, including an indoor, 70,gallon ,litre and cubic meter heated swimming pool with underwater lighting, a bowling alley, and a gymnasium with once state-of-the-art fitness equipment. The service hub of the house is also found in the largest basement in the U. It holds the main kitchen, pastry kitchen, rotisserie kitchen, walk-in refrigerators that provided an early form of mechanical refrigeration, the servants' dining hall, laundry rooms, and additional bedrooms for staff.
In the conservatory which has many flowers and trees growing in it, there is even a model railway. Vanderbilt envisioned a park-like setting for his home and employed landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted to design the grounds. Olmsted was not impressed with the condition of the , acres sq mi; km 2 and advised having a park surround the house, establishing farms along the river, and replanting the rest as a commercial timber forest, a plan to which Vanderbilt agreed.
Gifford Pinchot and later Carl A. Schenck were hired to manage the forests, with Schenck establishing the first forestry education program in the U.
Another important aspect of the landscaping was the intentionally rustic four-mile 5 km Approach track that began at the brick quoined and pebbledash stucco Lodge Gate at the edge of Biltmore Village and ended at the sphinx-topped stone pillars at the Esplanade.
In between, the lane was densely planted along the borders with natural and uncultivated-looking foliage and shrubbery to provide a relaxing journey for guests. Olmsted made sure to incorporate 75 acres 30 ha of formal gardens , which had been requested by Vanderbilt for the grounds directly surrounding the house. He constructed a Roman formal garden , a formal garden, a bush and tulip garden, water fountains, and a conservatory with individual rooms for palms and roses.
There was also a bowling green , an outdoor tea room, and a terrace to incorporate the European statuary that Vanderbilt had brought back from his travels. Water was an important aspect of Victorian landscaping, and Olmsted incorporated two elements for the estate: the Bass Pond created from an old creek-fed millpond and the Lagoon.
Each was used for guest recreation such as fishing and rowing. To supply water for the estate, Olmsted engineered two reservoirs. One was a spring-fed man-made lake on nearby Busbee Mountain. The other was a man-made, brick-lined reservoir, located behind the statue of Diana in the Vista, at an elevation of approximately ft 81 m above the Esplanade.
Vanderbilt's idea was to replicate the working estates of Europe. He asked Richard Morris Hunt and Frederick Law Olmsted to design a village with architecturally compatible buildings and picturesque landscaping. He intended it to be a source of income through rental cottages, a place to help carry out philanthropic programs, and an easy point of access between the estate and the train station. The village included rental cottages complete with plumbing and central heating, a post office, shops, doctor's office, school, and a church, known today as the Cathedral of All Souls.
Intending the estate to be self-supporting, Vanderbilt set up scientific forestry programs, poultry farms, cattle farms, hog farms, and dairy. His wife, Edith, also enthusiastically supported agricultural reform and promoted the establishment of a state agricultural fair. In , the Vanderbilts provided financial assistance to Biltmore Industries , started by Biltmore Village resident Eleanor Vance, which taught young people how to make hand-carved furniture, woven baskets, homespun wool fabric, and more.
The estate today covers approximately 8, acres 13 sq mi; 32 km 2 and is split in half by the French Broad River. The estate is overseen by The Biltmore Company , a trust set up by the family. Parking will help you quickly find the primary parking lots for the Biltmore Estate and Antler Hill Village.
Explore the Estate Find Points of Interest. Parking See Parking Options. Map Tips. Directions FAQs. Shuttle Information Shuttles typically run every 15 minutes. Entrance to Biltmore House. Entrance to Village Hotel on Biltmore Estate. Entrance to Winery. Biltmore House to Deerpark Area.
.Biltmore Estate Floor Plan
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